As someone who works closely with individuals moving to new countries, I often hear the terms expat and migrant used interchangeably. But are they really the same? Words matter, and choosing the right one can shape how we understand and discuss the experience of moving across borders. Let’s explore the distinctions between these terms, why I choose to use “expat,” and what it really means to live in a country that’s not your own.
What Do “Expat” and “Migrant” Mean?
Expat
The word expat is derived from the Latin ex- (out of) and patria (native country), which literally translates to “out of one’s fatherland.” It refers to someone who has temporarily or permanently moved to a country other than their home country. The key aspect of being an expat is the idea of living abroad, embracing a new culture, and often integrating into the local way of life.
Expats can be professionals, retirees, or even digital nomads who actively choose to live in another country for personal, professional, or lifestyle reasons.
Migrant
The term migrant comes from the Latin migrare (to move or change residence). It is a broader term that refers to any person who moves from one place to another. Unlike “expat,” the term does not necessarily imply crossing national borders—it can also apply to someone moving within the same country, such as from a rural area to a city. Migrants may move for a variety of reasons, including economic opportunities, education, or escaping challenging conditions.
Why I Choose the Word “Expat”
As an assistant to expatriates, I deliberately use the term expat because it aligns with the concept of someone leaving their homeland (ex patria) to embark on a new journey in another country. It reflects the voluntary, personal choice to live abroad, which resonates with the people I work with—individuals seeking new opportunities, adventures, or experiences.
The term “migrant,” while accurate in certain contexts, can be too broad and sometimes carries a stigma or association with forced movement, which does not apply to most of the individuals I assist. Choosing “expat” emphasizes the active, intentional nature of starting a new chapter abroad.
The Debate: Is One Term Better Than the Other?
Some critics argue that the word expat carries connotations of privilege and exclusivity, often reserved for people from wealthier nations, while migrant is used for those from less developed countries. This bias in terminology can perpetuate stereotypes and inequalities, making the discussion around these terms sensitive.
Ultimately, both terms are valid, but their usage depends on context. For example:
• A professional moving from France to Portugal for work might be called an expat.
• A student moving from a rural village to Lisbon for education would more likely be referred to as a migrant.
In some cases, the lines blur, and individuals may identify with both terms depending on their personal experiences.
Expat vs. Migrant: What’s the Difference and Which Term Should You Use?
What Should You Use?
When deciding whether to use expat or migrant, consider:
• The context: Are you talking about someone moving internationally or within the same country?
• The reason for the move: Is it a voluntary choice or driven by necessity?
• How the person identifies themselves: Some individuals may prefer one term over the other based on their own experiences.
Ultimately, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer, but being thoughtful about the terminology you use shows respect for the diverse experiences of those who move.
It’s often said that all expats are migrants, but not all migrants are expats. This distinction highlights the broader definition of “migrant,” which includes anyone moving from one place to another, whether within the same country or across borders, for reasons ranging from necessity to personal choice. Expats, on the other hand, typically represent a specific subset of migrants—those who voluntarily move abroad, often for professional opportunities, education, or lifestyle changes. While the term “expat” conveys a sense of adventure and choice, “migrant” captures a wider variety of experiences, including those driven by economic hardship or political instability. Understanding this relationship helps us appreciate the nuances of human mobility and the diverse stories behind each journey.
Words matter, especially when discussing the experience of leaving one’s homeland. As someone who supports people on their journey abroad, I believe expat is the right term to describe those embarking on a voluntary adventure to live in a new country. It reflects the courage, curiosity, and determination it takes to build a life abroad.
What about you? Do you identify as an expat, a migrant, or something else entirely? Let me know your thoughts—I’d love to hear your perspective!
